Radiation Therapy – The Facts and Benefits
The Basics of Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy, also known as radiotherapy, is a type of cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It works by damaging the DNA of the cancer cells, making it difficult for them to multiply and grow. Radiation therapy can be used as a primary treatment for cancer, meaning it is the main treatment method used, or as an adjuvant therapy, which means it is used in combination with other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation therapy can be administered externally or internally. External radiation therapy involves using a machine to direct high-energy radiation beams to the affected area. Internal radiation therapy, on the other hand, involves placing the radiation source inside the body near the cancer cells.
Types of Radiation Therapy
There are three main types of radiation therapy: photon therapy, proton therapy, and brachytherapy.
- Photon therapy: This is the most common type of radiation therapy and uses X-rays or gamma rays to treat cancer cells.
- Proton therapy: This type of radiation therapy uses proton beams instead of X-rays to target cancer cells. This type of therapy is more precise and can minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
- Brachytherapy: This type of radiation therapy involves placing radioactive materials inside the body near the cancer cells. It is often used for treating cancers in the head and neck, prostate, and cervix.
The Benefits of Radiation Therapy
One of the main benefits of radiation therapy is its ability to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. This can help slow down or stop the growth of cancer, leading to a higher chance of cure or long-term remission. Unlike chemotherapy, which can affect the entire body, radiation therapy is more targeted and only affects the area being treated. This means it can cause fewer side effects and have a lower impact on your daily life. Furthermore, radiation therapy can be used in combination with other cancer treatments to improve their effectiveness. For example, it can be used before surgery to shrink tumors, making it easier to remove, or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.
Potential Side Effects of Radiation Therapy
While radiation therapy can be highly effective in treating cancer, it may also cause some side effects. These side effects vary depending on the area being treated and the intensity of the treatment. Some common side effects may include:
- Skin irritation or burns at the treatment site
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Hair loss in the treatment area
- Changes in taste or smell
- Difficulty swallowing
It is important to discuss potential side effects with your doctor before starting radiation therapy. They can provide you with tips on how to manage them and recommend supportive care measures to help alleviate discomfort.
Conclusion
Radiation therapy is a commonly used cancer treatment that utilizes high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. It is available in different forms and can be used as a primary or adjuvant treatment. While it may cause some side effects, it is an effective treatment option that can improve outcomes and increase the chances of cure or long-term remission.